What is the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix area called?

The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area is known as the eponychium. This structure plays a crucial role in nail health as it helps to protect the underlying matrix from bacteria and other harmful elements.

The eponychium is often confused with the cuticle, but they are distinct; the cuticle refers specifically to the thin layer of dead skin that can be found on the nail plate's surface, while the eponychium is the living tissue. Understanding this difference is essential for proper nail care and maintaining the health of the nails.

The nail fold, which encases the sides of the nail plate, contributes to the overall structure and protection of the nail, but does not specifically cover the matrix area. The hyponychium, located under the free edge of the nail plate, offers additional support and protection but is not found at the base of the nail like the eponychium is. Thus, the eponychium is correctly identified as the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix area.