What term refers to abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany many skin disorders and systemic disorders?

The term that refers to abnormal colorations of the skin associated with various skin disorders and systemic disorders is dyschromias. Dyschromias encompass a broad category of skin color variations, which can manifest as spots, patches, or overall changes in pigmentation. This can result from a variety of underlying conditions, such as inflammation, hormonal changes, or genetic factors.

Hypopigmentation refers specifically to lighter areas of skin compared to the surrounding skin, often due to a decrease in melanin production. While this can be a form of dyschromia, it is not accurate to use this term exclusively for all abnormal skin colorations.

Hyperpigmentation indicates darker patches of skin resulting from an increase in melanin production, generally due to sun exposure, hormone changes, or other factors. Similar to hypopigmentation, it qualifies as a form of dyschromia but does not encompass all types.

Carcinomas are a type of skin cancer and do not refer to colorations of the skin, but rather to malignant growths that can develop in various skin cells. This term does not relate to the various forms of abnormal pigmentation or color changes.